The Gambia | Diaspora Invests | The African Diaspora Group

Welcome home to The Gambia. Here you have access to the tools and resources needed to make more informed decisions when it comes to relocating, owning land or property, or investing in The Gambia.

Cultural Diversity

For any expat or visitors looking for renewed excitement in their traveling lives, The Gambia is a country that has much to offer, to include its pristine beaches, vibrant history, and rich culture.

The Gambia is the smallest country on the continent of Africa, but its captivating array of natural beauty and wildlife makes up for its small size. The West African country is surrounded by Senegal and connected to the sea, with a magnificent coastline stretching 80km. The stunning backdrop of swaying palm trees and scenic lagoons make The Gambia an attractive country for visitors, travelers, and expats to experience.

Gambia is a lively, multi-cultural society with many ethnic groups, given its small size, where the majority of people are multilingual as a result. Indeed, it is not uncommon to find that people can speak 3 to 4 local languages. The size of The Gambia and the infusion of Islam and Christianity could also explain why it has the reputation of being a peaceful country, as there is a minimum of inter-tribal and ethnic tension compared to that of other African countries.

The English Language is the official language of The Gambia since it was a former British Colony, and is the medium used in school and tertiary institutions.

Ethnic Groups

The Gambia has up to eight language dialects which are spoken across the country. The following ethnic groups are found in The Gambia:

THE MANDINKA

The Mandinka ethnic group is the largest in the Gambia, which forms 34% of the total population of The Gambia. They are believed to have originated from the ancient empire of Mali after the collapse of the Mali Empire. They migrated to the Senegambia province to seek refuge, and after which the settled permanently.

Their musical hallmark is the Kora followed by the Balafon which griots and 'Jalis' use to narrate Mandinka history. They have traditionally been engaged in either peanut farming or fishing and are predominantly found in the Lower River Region (LRR) and the North Bank Region (NBR) of the Country.

THE FULLA

The Fulla ethnic group is the second largest in The Gambia, and they form 22.4% of the total population of The Gambia. They are originally from the Fulladu Empire which formed part of
the Gambia, Senegal and some certain parts of Guinea-Bissau.

They are traditionally herdsmen but later some groups entered the occupations of farming, trading and in more modern times, many are also heavily into shop-keeping. They are predominantly found in the Central River Region (CRR) and the Upper River Region (URR) in The Gambia.

THE WOLLOF

The Wolof ethnic group (or Jollof, as they are also known) makes up 16% of the population, and is the third largest ethnic group in The Gambia. They are present in relatively large numbers in the areas of Jokadu, Baddibu, Saloum and Niumi of the Lower River Region (LRR) and Central River Region (CRR), but the vast majority are found in the neighboring Senegal.

Wolof’s are mainly business people, merchants or farmers. Most of the people in the urban areas of Greater Banjul and the Kombo’s have adopted the Wolof language as the Lingua Franca. Meaning it is the most commonly spoken language in the Senegambia region.

Men of the Wolof ethnic group and women, in particular, prefer to dress flamboyantly with a lot of gold jewelry, particularly on special occasions. They are famous drummers and dancers such as Zimba dance and modern Mbalax (Ndaga) music.

THE JOLA

The Jola ethnic group are believed to have been the indigenous people of the Gambia, and they form 10.7% of the population of the Gambia. They, along with the Manjago’s, another ethnic group in The Gambia, are the only two ethnic groups that still practice the religion of their ancestors. They maintain almost all cultural values, norms and beliefs of their ancestors, despite the fact that many of them belonging to either Islam or Christianity. They are mostly palm wine tappers and farmers and are predominantly found in the West Coast Region and Lower River Regions of the country.

THE SARAHULE

The Serahule make up 9% of the population of The Gambia. They are largely still engaged in the occupations of peanut and cotton farming, manufacturing decorative pottery, goldsmiths, trading and some are involved in the diamond businesses of Sierra Leone and Angola. Today the Serahule are among the country's leading entrepreneurs and real estate owners and developers. The largest Sarahule population is concentrated in Basse town, which is on the eastern-most part of the country, where the vast majority are Muslims.

THE SERRE

The Serer make up less than 3% of the population of The Gambia. They are traditionally fishermen and boat builders, and can be found along the coastal regions, as well as the entrance to the Gambia River and in particularly Barra in the northern part of the country. They and the Jola’s are believed to be the original inhabitants of the country.

THE AKU

The Aku-speaking people of Gambia constitute less than 2% of the population, and their language is a mixture of Creole and English. Aku holds influential roles in society as prominent public officials, engineers, writers, teachers, pastors and private businessmen. They most predominantly follow the Christian religion.

The Aku roots come from the descendants of former freed slaves (those who were rescued from captured ships seeking to carry them from West Africa to the Americas after the abolition of the slave trade in 1807) who were returned back to the West Coast of Africa in the 19th century. Their origins date back to the late 18th century, when 400 underprivileged Africans were sent from London to Sierra Leone. They were accompanied by ex-soldiers who fought for the British in the American Revolutionary war and guaranteed freedom if they fought on the British side. By 1850, Akus had spread through West Africa to small villages from Gambia to Bioko Island off the West African coast.

In the 1830s, the British started a large-scale relocation of some of the recaptured former slaves from Sierra Leone to Bathurst (now Banjul) and up to Georgetown (Janjangbureh) in the Gambia Central River Division.

The group excelled in contrast with the indigenous cultures, as they had the benefit of being stronger English speakers, and the British saw them as a means to promote Christianity and European ideals. Many were engaged in the fields of teaching, the clergy, clerical work, skilled building workers
and laborers.

THE MANJAGO

They are an ethnic group in Guinea-Bissau. They are known as Manjaku by the Manjack ethnic group, Ndiago by the Wolofs, Manjaco by the Portuguese, and Manjaque by the French.

Their traditional trade is palm wine and palm oil tapping. They are the smallest ethnic group in The Gambia, forming 0.5% of the population. They have similar cultural values, norms and traditions as the Jola ethnic group and as such, maintain their traditional religion.

Money

Currency

The currency used in The Gambia is dalasi. The central bank of The Gambia is responsible for controlling the inflows and outflows of the dalasi. Cash payment is the most widely used payment method. However, the use of cards are also accepted, especially in large institutions or businesses.

ATMs are accessible across the greater Banjul area and Kombo, many with international networks. If you want to purchase goods or foodstuffs in local markets, shops, supermarkets and restaurants, you will want to bring cash along as it is the most widely accepted payment method in the country.

Bargaining

Bargaining in The Gambia is a very common practice in local markets, shops and amongst street vendors. It is not regarded as a taboo or an unacceptable practice. However, it is not accepted in big supermarkets, malls, shops and other big setups as the prices of goods and foodstuffs are fixed and are attached to every food item or goods.

Tipping

Tipping in the Gambia is a normal activity among expats when in restaurants or for delivery service, but is not as consistently practiced by locals. Thus, a tip in the range of 50-100 Delasi would be gladly accepted and appreciated, but of note, is not required.

Weather

The climate in The Gambia ranges depending on the time of year. The average temperature ranges between 25-33 degrees Celsius. There are two seasons - rainy season and dry season. There are sunny days during both seasons alike.

Rainy Season

Rainy season in The Gambia starts in mid-July to mid-October. August has the highest amount of rainfall in the year. Thunder and lightning is frequent in September and by the end of October, the rain ceases.

Dry Season

Dry season in The Gambia normally starts from February up to June. It is usually hot in these months with the temperature ranging from between 25-33 degrees Celsius. The Central River Region (CRR) and The Upper River Region (URR), are the two hottest regions in the country. The temperature can escalate up to 37 degrees Celsius in these areas.

Harmattan Season

The harmattan season is a short period of time. It starts around the end of November to mid-January. In these months, it is relatively dusty with dry winds which emanates from the Sahara Desert. It is also characterized by cold winds at night and in the early hours of the morning.

When visiting The Gambia during harmattan, it is advisable to stay well hydrated, wear slightly thick clothes especially in the early hours of the morning and evening and regularly apply lotion to avoid dry skin.

Taxes

Common taxes on Gambian goods and services, real estate, income, and assets include:

VALUE-ADDED TAX (VAT)

Tax assessed on the taxable supply of goods and services or taxable imports. Not all good or services are chargeable with VAT. Example basic goods like food (rice, sugar) are VAT exempt. VAT is collected by VAT-registered persons/company at the points of sale or delivery of services, and by Customs for the import of goods into The Gambia. The Current standard VAT rate is 15%.

INCOME TAX

Taxes on the income of an individual or a business entity. Income tax can be grouped into the following categories:

Corporate Income tax – This is paid by companies or partnerships on their turnover or profit. The corporate income tax rate is currently the higher of 27% of the taxable profit and 1.0% of turnover for the year.

Personal income tax – Commonly known as PAYE (Pay as You Earn) on the employment income. It is the income tax levied on the gross employment incomes of individuals. The individual incomes are subject to progressive rates up to 25% depending on the employee’s income level. For example, individual gross earnings less than D24,000.00 per annum (D2,000.00 per month) are taxed at 0%.

CAPITAL GAINS TAX (CGT)

Capital Gains Tax is a charge levied on the profit when a person sells or disposes of an asset that increased in value. Example of such qualifying assets includes land, share, buildings etc. The CGT payable by individuals is currently the higher of 15% of the gains or 5% of the consideration received, however, for companies and partnerships, it is 25% and 10% respectively.

NATIONAL EDUCATION LEVY

A fixed educational tax levied on businesses per annum. If the total income of a company exceeds GMD 5 million per annum, the national education levy is 0.75% of gross revenue, subject to a maximum of GMD 100,000.

FRINGE BENEFITS TAX

In kind benefits provided by an employer to the employee. The fringe benefit tax is imposed on every employer who provides specific and direct benefits like housing, car, health, etc. for its employees. The fringe benefits tax is based on the grossed-up value of the benefits provided at 27%, payable by the employer and not the employee.

STAMP DUTY

Stamp duty is charged at either a flat rate or an ad valorem rate (based on the value of the transaction) depending on the particular document or transaction. It is generally levied on documented financial obligations or real estate transactions that result in a flow of wealth between the parties involved legally.

PAYROLL TAX

Also known as Expatriate Quota tax, and is paid by the employer of a non-Gambian employee. It is an annual payment made per employee as follows: ECOWAS nationals D10,000; Non-ECOWAS nationals D40,000; Self-employed non-Gambian individuals are not liable to pay the tax.

INJURIES COMPENSATION FUND CONTRIBUTION

In addition to the provident funds, the employers are required to contribute 1% of the employees’ total earnings (salary plus all other allowances subject to a maximum contribution ceiling of D15) to the Industrial Injuries Compensation Fund. Where the employee’s total earnings exceed D1,500 per month, the contribution payable is limited to D15 per month.

ENVIRONMENTAL TAX

Tax levied on each employee per month. Business owners are expected to pay D1 per employee per month.

SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS

Employees in the private sector are required to contribute 5% of their basic salary into a National Provident Fund as Social Security Contributions. In addition, employers are also required to contribute 10% of the employee’s basic salary towards the Provident Fund.

Transportation

The government of The Gambia have made transportation very affordable for the people. Common modes of transportation throughout The Gambia include:

TAXI

Taxis are the most common transportation mode in The Gambia when getting around locally. It costs 10 dalasi from one taxi garage to another. However, there are two types on Taxis based on appearance of color.

- Yellow Taxi: the most common taxis in The Gambia. Aside from the driver, it takes 4 passengers, and as such, the driver only moves the car only when he manages to get 3 or 4 passengers. From one taxi garage to another is only D10 (ten dalasi) and it’s non-negotiable. In circumstances where a passenger wants the taxi all to himself/herself, he or she has to pay for town trips. The driver will carry the passenger to his or her preferred destination. This will cost around some hundreds of Dalasi, where the price is negotiable.
- Green Taxi: usually driven by tourist taxi drivers, and thus costs much more than the yellow taxis. They charge according to the tourist price and they are not used by locals. Green taxis are usually found around the Senegambia area, which is an area reserved for tourist in The Gambia. These taxis are not shared taxis as opposed to the yellow taxis.
LOCAL VANS (GELE GELE)

Local mini-vans, locally called “Gele Gele” are the second most used mode of transportation in The Gambia. It carries up to 12 to 14 passengers heading to the same destination. The driver of the local van only moves when the van when is fully loaded with passengers. From one “Gele Gele” garage to another is 10 dalasi.

BUS

When embarking on long distance journeys, for instance from Banjul to Dakar (Senegal), or from greater Banjul area to the north bank region, which is further up the provinces of The Gambia, buses are recommended. The Gambia Transport Service Company (GTSC) provide buses for long journeys and passengers are required to go to their head offices or sub branches to book in advance for the journey. A journey of 250km would cost roughly D400.

MOTORBIKES

Motorbikes are the most uncommon mode of transportation in The Gambia and are hardly seen in the towns. They are used in provinces such as Upper River Region (URR) North Bank Region (NBR) and the Central River Region (CRR). From a motor park to another is D8.

PRIVATE CAR

Having your own private car is very essential in The Gambia. Considering the amount of people who use these commercial vehicles, one may find it difficult to move to one to place to another in a quick time frame. During working Hours and rush hours it can be difficult to get a Taxi or a Mini-Van due to the number people that queue up for transportation at those times. Having your own Private Car is highly recommended due to the limited transportation modes in the country.

RIDESHARING

Uber, Bolt and similar ridesharing systems are not available in The Gambia. One should instead arrange for a taxi in order to get around town.

*The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, constitute legal advice; instead, all education, content, and materials available on this site are for general informational purposes only. This website contains links to other third-party websites. Such links are only for the convenience of the member; The African Diaspora Group and its affiliates do not recommend or endorse the contents of the third-party sites.

Visa Requirements for The Gambia

To obtain a visa to The Gambia, you must have at least one blank page in your passport for the stamp. Tourist travelers are typically granted a 30-day stay in The Gambia upon arrival. Travelers who stay beyond the allowed time are fined 1,000 dalasi per month of overstay on departure, payable in cash. Extensions to stays can be requested at the Department of Immigration in Banjul. Recently, The Gambia adapted a visa free entry policy, however there is no official law in place for this. So while in practice visitors may not require a visa, the law as currently stated is set out below:

US Citizens

For U.S. citizens, the Gambian government requires that visitors obtain a visa upon entering the country. Tourist travelers are typically granted a 30-day stay in the Gambia upon arrival. A visa can also be obtained in advance of travel at the Gambian Embassy in the USA. A 5-year multi-entry visa can be obtained via the Embassy of The Gambia in Washington DC’s website. The fee is currently $200 USD / $100 USD other nationalities.

Caribbean Citizens

For Caribbean citizens, the visa requirements for entry are to some degree different. Nationals such as Jamaicans, Haitians, Bahamians and Dominic Republicans are only subject to entry clearance. Other nationals including Trinidadians, Tobagonians are visa-exempt. Citizens of all other nationals must obtain a visa in embassies before arriving in the Gambia.

UK, Commonwealth, ECOWAS Citizens

Citizens of the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) the European Union (EU) and other nations with a reciprocal via abolition agreement with The Gambia do not require a visa to enter the country; whether on holiday or on a business trip not exceeding 90 days. British nationals are given a 28 day stamp in their passports on arrival. A 28-day extension can be further obtained from the Immigration Office in Banjul or the Tourist Police Stations in the Tourism Development Area. If planning to enter The Gambia for a period longer than 3 months, check entry requirements with the Gambian High Commission in London.

Airport Development and Security Fee

An Airport Security Fee must be paid upon entering and exiting the country. The fee is 20 USD, or equivalent in euros, sterling or local currency. This will be collected via marked kiosks in Banjul International Airport. Visa credit card is accepted. Children below 2 years of age and passengers in transit are exempt.

Obtaining Residency

The initial entry visa can be extended twice. After staying in The Gambia for 90 days, expats are entitled to resident permits. In some circumstances, you can be given resident permit prior to the 90 day period. Visit the Gambian Immigration office to extend the visa, and apply for a residency permit upon residing in The Gambia for 90 days. The residence permit is valid for a period of 1 year, upon which it may be extended.

Relocating for Work

The Gambia has a very simple system with regards to work permits. Whether paid or unpaid labor, a resident permit is required. The resident permit serves as work permit in The Gambia. Previously, there were different categories of permits in The Gambia (work permit, retirement permit and resident permit), but these have since been incorporated as one. Having had your work or resident permit, a visa is no longer needed. Upon obtaining residency, one can leave and come back to The Gambia at any time. The resident or work permit must be renewed every year at the immigration department after its expiry.

For companies looking for expats for employment, The Gambia has a quota system called, the Expatriates Quota System. Expats will be guided through this process by their hiring company.

Obtaining Citizenship

Under the Gambian constitution, these are the various ways of obtaining citizenship:

BIRTH: Either your parents or grandparents must have been born in The Gambia

REGISTRATION: When one is married to a Gambian citizen for seven years, they are entitled to citizenship through marriage registration

NATURALIZATION: For one to be qualified for naturalization in The Gambia, they must:

- Reside in The Gambia for a period of 15 years. A 15 years’ resident permit is enough proof that one has lived in The Gambia for 15 years.
- Character - One must be of good character. A police report is needed to validate criminal records.
- Age & Capacity - One should be able to give consent or authority, and must be 18 years or older. One must also be in a state of good mental health.

Citizenship for the African Diaspora

In 2010, former Gambian President Yahya Jammeh made a proclamation offering citizenship to all Black African descendants willing to resettle in the country. However, this was made orally without any legal guarantee to support such rights. There have been significant efforts made by organizations in favor of the adaption of such legislation, however in September 2020, lawmakers rejected the “Promulgation Bill 2020” on the country’s draft constitution that would have guaranteed citizenships for African diaspora returnees seeking to settle in the country. As of now, it is back to the drawing board, and there is currently no legislation to support a fast-tracked citizenship for African descendants in the diaspora.

For all of your citizenship & residency legal needs, reach out to to Amie Bensouda & Co in Banjul, Gambia.

Amie Bensouda & Co
+220 4496453
Email | Website

Healthcare

The healthcare system in Gambia is built around 3 levels which are Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. There are to date 4 referral hospitals which are operated by the government. In addition, there are 8 main health centers and a further 16 smaller centers, 200 plus mobile clinic unit teams as well as the Medical Research Council which is funded by the UK Government. There are also a number of privately run clinics as well as a few health focused NGOs operating in Gambia.

Primary Health Care

This is focused on villages with a population of over 400 individuals where a Village Health Worker and Traditional Midwife would be initially trained then assigned to deliver primary health care to their village of responsibility. They are responsible for providing out-patient care, community health education, ensuring there is a sufficient level of essential medicines and home visitations. Apart from the assisting mothers to be in home births the mid-wife would refer any mothers who seem to be at risk to the local health centers.

Secondary Health Care

At this level medical care is provided by the large and small health centers. There is around 7 main government-run / private health centers, 12 smaller centers and 19 pharmacies, with each providing in-patient and out-patient treatment. Each has its resident nurses, doctors and ancillary staff.

Tertiary Health Care

At this 3rd level health services are delivered by 4 main referral hospitals, the Medical Research Council (MRC), several private clinics and NGO operated clinics. The main referral hospital is at the Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital in the capital on Independence Drive. The other 3 are located at Bansang, Farafenni and Bwiam.

Facilities

Health care facilities are relatively sparse in The Gambia, though new health clinics are being built up currently. It is common for those who have the means to do so to travel to Senegal to have complex procedures or medical care initiated at more equipped facilities.

International Health Insurance

International insurance is a good option for foreigners visiting or relocating to The Gambia who have more frequent or complex healthcare needs, as it offers private health benefits and emergency evacuation coverage if the need presents. For those with more infrequent healthcare needs, it is advisable to consider whether it is more cost effective to pay for procedures and services out of pocket vs. paying costly monthly premiums for healthcare insurance policies.

There are many international health insurance providers to consider. Research coverage, premiums, and reviews on claims processing from some top providers:

Gambian School System

The government body responsible for the Gambia’s education system is the Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education (MOBSE). The education system in The Gambia is divided into four stages; namely the kindergarten stage of education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary levels. Since the kindergarten education is not required for every child, The Gambia’s education system is 6-3-3. The 6-3-3 system means that students spend 6 years at the primary schools, 3 years at the junior secondary schools and 3 years at the senior secondary schools. The amount of years’ students spend in the tertiary institutions depends on the course they intend to do. The least amount of years a student spends at the tertiary level is 3.

In all schools in The Gambia, it’s mandatory for pupils and students to wear school’s uniforms with school’s badges attached to it. The reason for this is to eradicate inferiority and promote unity in schools, since not every child comes from a financially stable background. With the exception of The Gambia college, uniforms are not required in the tertiary schools.

Between the ages of three to six, a child is eligible for kindergarten enrollment, and from seven to nine years is when a child can start primary education. In secondary levels (junior and senior secondary schools), it is required for students to learn the core subjects which are English Language, Mathematics, Science and SES (Social and Environment Studies). In the Senior Secondary School, students are given options to choose from either science, the arts, or the commerce fields of studies. In the science field of study, subjects such as Core Science, Biology, Physics, Chemistry and Agricultural Science are learned, along with the aforementioned core subjects. In the arts field of study, the core subjects along with Government, History and Literature in English are learnt. The commerce field of study comprises of subjects like Economics, Geography and Accounting along with the core subjects respectively.

There are numerous private and government schools in The Gambia. Private schools are comparatively more expensive than the government schools. Expats mostly send their children to private schools as most are international schools as well. Homeschooling is not common in The Gambia.

When enrolling your child to a particular school, consideration such as transportation options, costs, technology, curriculum and proximity to home are very vital as traffic is usually congested in the greater Banjul area.

Relocating your Belongings

Relocating abroad can offer the chance to downsize personal belongings, and start anew. But for the items that you are just unable to pack or part ways with, there are options:

Extra Baggage on the Airplane

Small or sizable important documents and items can be arranged in your luggage. Instead of shipping goods, there is always the option to pay to check additional bags at the airport, where they will arrive with you upon reaching The Gambia. On arrival at the Banjul international airport, your luggage will go through custom check. After following the custom procedures, you will be discharged. If your baggage exceeds 30kg, you will most likely pay a levy at the custom office.

Air freight

Air freight is quick, taking just a few days for arrival at the Banjul Airport, but is the most expensive option due to the cost of transporting bulk items via aircraft. Air freight is often used for lighter and more expensive items that are time sensitive, such as pets and livestock.

Sea freight

Sea freight is the most common way of goods transportation to The Gambia. However, it is slower compared to Air freight. It takes 4 to 5 weeks for items to arrive at the Banjul ports. After your items are being discharged from the ports, you will have to get a transport to move your items to your destination.

Relocating with Pets

Traveling to The Gambia with pets is possible - in order to do this, all pets must be accompanied by a veterinarian's health certificate issued in the travelers home country. The following are additional considerations specific to importing cats or dogs into The Gambia:

PET MICROCHIP

The Gambia does not require that your pet be identified with a pet microchip, but it is recommended that you microchip your pet and register your contact information prior to traveling as a means of identification should your pet be lost or separated from you. If your pet does not have a registered microchip, make sure your pets are wearing tags that identify them and have contact information for the owner.

RABIES VACCINATION

Your pet must be vaccinated for rabies between 30 days and 12 months prior to entering the country. A rabies titer test is not required to enter Gambia from any country.

RECOMMENDED TREATMENTS

A ticks and tapeworm treatment is not required prior to entering Gambia but is recommended due to limited availability of these products in the country.

HEALTH CERTIFICATE

Shortly before travel, the Veterinary Certificate for Gambia must be completed. Although it is not required, we recommend that a USDA or CFIA licensed veterinarian complete the form and you have it endorsed by the USDA or CFIA if traveling from the United States or Canada. If you are traveling from another country, the governing authority responsible for the import and export of animals should endorse your forms.

Entering Gambia by Air

Pets must enter The Gambia via Banjul International Airport.
Pets can be stowed in the cabin, as checked baggage or as air cargo. Check with the local airline for further requirements and regulations necessary to travel with your pet. Citizens from the European Union may require a pet passport to travel with animals.
Upon arrival in Gambia you will present the documents and the Veterinary officer stationed at the entrance port will stamp them.
All domestic dogs and cats must be free of evidence of disease communicable to humans when examined at the entry airport. If your dog or cat is not in apparent good health, further examination by a licensed veterinarian may be required at your expense.

Import Permit

The following day after arrival into The Gambia, pet owners must apply to the Gambian Veterinary Department for an import permit.

Relocation Consultation

The African Diaspora Group offers a wide network of consultancy providers throughout Africa, that will facilitate your visitation or relocation needs. Let our local specialists provide you with the information and tools for a smooth trip to The Gambia.

During the relocation consultation, members will receive more specific information according to their unique needs. Information on schools, overseas shipping companies, veterinary doctors, pet permit documents, housing search options for renting or buying property, cable and utility companies, cost of living info, drivers, international banks, healthcare centers, and more will be provided.

Book a Relocation Consultation

Foreign Ownership of Land and Property

While a foreigner can acquire ownership of land or property in Gambia there is a limit of 2,500 square meter land size. The sale must also be approved by the Minister of Lands and the Local Government.

Land

Foreigners can obtain leases from the State for a maximum of 99 years for the use of land. The States Land Act of 1991 converted all land to State Land. The Minister of Lands and Local Government is responsible for the management of this land on behalf of the people. Therefore, land cannot be owned privately except in the Capital City Banjul and a select few in the Kombos. The Ministers consent is needed for the assignment of title to use, occupy, and improve property with a statutory certificate. This certificate does not include rights to sell, give, or sublet, which requires further consent from the Minister. Before purchasing, it is important to make sure that consent from the Minister is obtained for the sale. No land can be "sold" without this consent.

Property

Sale of real estate, however, does not involve actual selling and purchasing. There is only the transfer of rights from one person to another. This transaction is usually called an ‘Assignment’. The seller assigns the rights to use and occupy the land to the buyer. After the transaction, the buyer applies for a new
certificate under his name.

Steps to a Real Estate Transaction

Purchasing from a developer / builder

Reach out to a real estate agent to begin your property search: It is always recommended to work with a Realtor when looking to purchase property. Your agent will gather information about your goals, and help you to search for the right properties. Once you have identified a property of interest, be sure to ask questions to ensure that the property is okay to move forward with - Location, title, delivery date if it’s a pre-construction (off-plan) house, etc.
Do your due diligence by asking for the title document so you can use it to conduct a search at the Lands Registry if the property is a leasehold.
*IT IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED YOU INVOLVE A LAWYER IN THIS PROCESS
If Everything checks out okay and the property is free from government acquisition or any other incumbrance, then you can make your agreed upon payment (Details on payment plans discussed in 'Financing' section below)

Purchasing from an Individual or Family

If buying land or property that isn’t a leasehold directly from an individual or family unit, the process is more complex, and requires considerably more due-diligence on the buyers part. An interested purchaser must verify the name of the actual owner to the stated land, as well as the track record of
that vendor (seller) to minimize any future legal issues.

Steps include:

Investigation of property title: the purchaser's solicitor (attorney) proceeds to carry out an investigation to verify the vendors name as well as to determine that there are no defects in the stated property owner’s name. This investigation involves several searches at various registries where records of properties and encumbrances are kept.
Assignment: The Deed of Assignment may be prepared and signed by all parties and their witnesses. The vendor submits all original documents relating to the title of the land to the purchaser.
Registration: the purchaser can take a full possession of the property. The buyer must register the property with the government to complete the transaction.
Minister's consent: The Land Use Act prohibits the sale or transfer of the occupancy rights of a property without the consent of the Minister. An application will be made by the buyer, and the seller should have signed to give their consent at the time of contract acceptance.

Due to the extensive nature of events that must take place, it is advisable for a buyer to purchase from a developer, who will have completed these steps when they purchased the land from the individual themselves.

Realtors Commissions

If buying a property from a real estate company, and utilizing a Realtor, the company pays the Realtor’s commission, so the buyer does not have to pay this fee.

If the buyer is buying from an individual or a standalone developer, the buyer pays Realtor commissions in the range of 3-5% of the purchase price for a house, or 5-10% of the purchase price for land.

An Attorney's Role in the Real Estate Transaction

It is very essential and advisable to involve a lawyer when one intends to buy a land or acquire a property. Roles and responsibilities of a lawyer in relation to a real estate transaction include but are not limited to the following:

Investigation of the title sought to be transferred from the appropriate registries.
Advising on the viability or otherwise of the title of the property sought to be transferred.
Preparation of formal contract that encapsulates the agreement of the parties in respect of the property that is being transferred. Excellent drafting skills are required for this to ensure that the document reflects the full intention of the parties.
Approval of the contract by the solicitor of the purchaser.
Exchange of contract by the parties to the contract.
Obtaining the consent of relevant authorities for permission to transfer the legal interest in the property.
Preparing and ensuring the execution of the deed or the instrument that transfers the legal interest in the property.
Payment of stamp duties, fees and other taxes in respect of the property being transferred.
Registration of the instrument that conveys the legal interest in the land

Legal Fees

On average, legal fees are typically around 1-5% of the cost of the land. These fees are subject to negotiation based on the cost of the property to be purchased. The fees may be higher or lower in various transactions.

Risks

Purchasing property in Gambia is not without risks. The main risk is the burden of proof of ownership for unregistered land. The use of a lawyer greatly minimizes this risk.

Property Ownership

Search land or property within Africa through our partner company, OneAfrica Properties. Once you are ready to begin taking steps towards making a purchase, schedule a consultation with an international property specialist to assist you in locating land or housing in the location of your dreams.

Search land & real estate

Financing

Payment plans

Real estate developers who build property often offer payment plans when purchasing pre-construction (off-plan) property or land. Terms will vary between developers, but the most common financing terms are as follows:

Outright payment made upon signing of sale agreement
6-12 month payment plans for land
6-24 month payment plans for houses

Mortgage Loans

Mortgage loans are available for both residents and non-residents alike.
They are typically offered on a 10 year term.
Interest rates are much higher than the prevailing rates in the US or UK:
- For mortgage loans underwritten in Dalasis (local currency), interest rates are typically between 14-18%.
- Loans underwritten in US Dollars, UK Pounds and Euros are generally around 10% interest.

Although these interest rates may seem high, it is a viable option for those who are looking for a means to purchase their home, without having to come up with the entire amount in cash.

The following are mortgage lenders in The Gambia:

Additional financing opportunities may be available directly through the developer if purchasing a home in a community that is being constructed.

Other Financing Options

For foreign buyers looking to purchase land or property in The Gambia, some other considerations could include utilizing funds that are accessible from sources within the purchasers home country. Sources such as home equity lines of credit, retirement accounts, personal loans, traditional lines of credit, liquidating stocks, cryptocurrency or precious metals, etc. can allow access to capital, at lower interest rates than what is offered when financing real estate through a Gambian bank.

For all of your land & property related legal needs, reach out to Amie Bensouda & Co in Banjul, Gambia.

Amie Bensouda & Co
+220 4496453
Email | Website

*The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, constitute legal advice; instead, all education, content, and materials available on this site are for general informational purposes only. This website contains links to other third-party websites. Such links are only for the convenience of the member; The African Diaspora Group and its directors do not recommend or endorse the contents of the third-party sites.

Doing Business & Investing in The Gambia

The Gambia is investment friendly and is undoubtedly one of the safest countries in Africa. Dubbed as the smiling coast of West Africa, it is a very easy to start up a business and access other West African economies. Starting a business is significantly less complicated when compared to other sub-Saharan Africa countries. The Gambia benefits from unrivalled access to a large and growing market. The Gambia Investment and Export Promotion Agency (GIEPA) was established by an act of parliament in 2010, and is responsible for the promotion and facilitation of private sector investments into The Gambia.

Investment Sectors in The Gambia

Agriculture

The agriculture sector is becoming a major economic activity in The Gambia, due to the vast export market opportunities and conditions favoring production in the country. There are a number of farms in the area with an average weekly export estimated at 120 tons of fruits and vegetables for 11 selected farms. Land can be obtained from traditional land owners through the Government. The process of land allocation for agriculture involves obtaining clearance from Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources before final approval is given by Ministry of Local Government and Lands.

The expansion in cold storage and dry cargo facilities at the Banjul International Airport compared with the demand in the export markets gives an added advantage to exporters. There are considerable investment opportunities in the agricultural sector, and the concept of centralized marketing that would ensure maximizing earning capacities of women and other small-scale growers, would be considered favorably. There are several large farm owners with significant investments in boreholes and equipment, seeking joint ventures.

Agro-Processing Industries

The agriculture-processing sector offers immense investment opportunities given the size of annual imports of commodities such as fruit juice and sauces, roasted confectionery nuts, chicken feed, and dairy products. There is a need for establishing a fruit juice processing industry to cater for the surplus on exports of fresh mangoes, oranges, tomatoes, and other fruits. Production of hot pepper sauce tomato paste and processing of wheat flour will go a long way towards reducing their annual import requirements. Similarly, establishment of a feed mill will complement investments in the livestock sector. These products have great export opportunities to the sub-region as well as meeting demand due to expansion in our tourism industry.

Fisheries

There are a number of enterprises in this sector seeking joint venture and/or financing for expansion and modernization of their plant to meet rapid increases in demand for Gambian fish products in the export markets. Investors in the fisheries sector are accorded development incentives and also assisted by identifying export markets. There are only three companies with processing facilities of which two are operating. Pelican Seafood Company and ScanGambia Shrimps Limited have very good infrastructure facilities but are currently under receivership. Potential buyers are welcome to make a turn-around of these companies.

Livestock

The livestock sector's activities include the rearing of cattle, pigs, small ruminants and poultry for the domestic market. In the absence of organized cattle ranching to cater for the demand for beef and dairy products in the domestic market as well as the growing tourism industry, this sector offers opportunities for investment. Similarly, enterprises engaged in poultry production are constrained by high cost of imported feed, resulting to poor supply response in hotels and the local market.

Manufacturing

Manufacturing activities are limited to small and medium-scale enterprises producing mainly for the domestic market. There are large deposits of kaolin discovered in one of the provinces (URD), titaniferous beach sands, and salt which are currently unexploded. The demand for sanitary wares and quality ceramic tiles are currently met through imports.

Investment in a foundry that uses scrap metals for the production of finished-iron and metal plates required in the construction industry and small-scale repair workshops, offers good opportunity. Similarly, light pharmaceutical industry and light engineering for manufacturing and assembling of electrical and mechanical components for domestic appliances and repair workshops, are considered to be potential areas of investment.

Due to its strategic location and competitive prices, manufacturing sector in the Gambia enjoys export opportunities to the sub-regional markets. Already, plans are underway for the establishment of an industrial estate with factory cells, and the Islamic Development Bank has been approached for financing the project's feasibility study.

Tourism

The tourism sector continues to play a dominant role in The Gambia's economic development process. The sector provides employment opportunities and enhances foreign exchange earnings for the country. The government is committed to the development and expansion of the tourism sector to include cultural and eco-tourism. In this regard, the expansion of infrastructures to designated tourism development areas including natural forest parks, land marks and monuments of cultural significance, are considered under the sector's development strategy.

There are number of hotel development projects seeking for joint venture and/or financing including, construction of 5 Star hotels, bar and restaurants, and recreation facilities. However, the immediate investment priority for the sector is in tour operations targeting the Middle-East, U.S. and Europe. Investments in airline operations linking the Gambia and the targeted destinations have greater potentials and will give impetus to the growth and development of the Gambian tourism industry.

Service Sector

The development of capital market and expansion of financial intermediaries to broaden and ease access to credit by investors in the productive sectors of the economy will enhance the production capacity of these enterprises with the multiplier effects on the growth of the economy. The government is committed to the establishment of a capital market and other financial intermediaries. Private sector investments in this area are most welcome.

Investment opportunities are available in air and sea transport services linking The Gambia and the sub-region to enhance trade as well as facilitate supply sources of raw material inputs for the industries. Similarly, investment in river transportation linking, Banjul and up-country will facilitate movement of goods and people to urban centers.

Real Estate Sector

Real estate is fast becoming a very lucrative business in The Gambia. There are almost 50 registered estate companies in the greater Banjul area, many of whom contribute to the development of housing around the coast. Affordable housing projects are also viable, as they allow both residents and non-residents greater access to own property, while the investor often gets support from the government in the form of investment incentives.

Registering a Business

To register a business in The Gambia, one must visit the Registrar of Companies to submit the required forms and to pay the necessary fees. Such a process cannot be completed online. Depending on the type of business to be registered, it is best practice to have an Attorney assist in the registration process.

REGISTRATION OF A SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP (INDIVIDUAL)

Photocopy of National Identity card / Passport/ Driving license of Proprietor (owner of business)
A copy of the TIN Card of the proprietor / owner of business
Fill form SWR 3 (Application form)
Registration fee: D 500

REGISTRATION OF A PARTNERSHIP

Apply for a name reservation................D 500
A copy of the registered Partnership Deed / Agreement (This entails payment of stamp duty at GRA and registration of the deed/agreement at the Registrar General’s office)
A copy of Tin Card for the partnership business
Photocopy of National Identity card / Passport/ Driving License of partners
Fill form SWR 7 (Application form)
Registration fee: D1000
Incorporation fee: D 5,000 for a general partnership; D 10,000 for a limited partnership

REGISTRATION OF A COMPANY

Apply for a name reservation...............D 500
Articles & Memorandum of Association of the company
A copy of the Tin Card for the company
Photocopy of National Identity card /Passport/driving licence of shareholders, Directors and Secretary. If any of the shareholders / Directors is a non-resident, attach particulars of agent on his/her behalf in The Gambia.
Fill form SWR 7 (Application form)
Business Registration fee: D 1000

Incorporation Fees:

Share capital of up to D500, 000..................D10, 000
D500, 000 to 1000, 000...................................D 15, 000
D1000, 000 to 10,000, 000..............................D 20, 000
Share Capital above D10, 000, 000.................D 25, 000
Registration of a company limited by guarantee .......D 5000

REGISTRATION OF A FOREIGN / EXTERNAL COMPANY

Memorandum & Articles of Association of the principal/parent company (a certified copy of the translated English version is required to be submitted if it is in a foreign language)
A Copy of I.D card or passport of parent company’s directors, shareholders and secretary.
A copy of the Tin card for the company
A copy of the board resolution or a power of attorney from the parent company, appointing an agent who is permanently resident in The Gambia.
Fill form CO38…………. i.e. application form
Incorporation fee......................D10,000

REGISTRATION OF A CHARITABLE ORGANIZATION / ASSOCIATION/FOUNDATION

Original copy of the Constitution
Last page to constitute name, address, telephone number & signature of executive members
Fill statutory forms CO32 & CO33
Attach photocopy of passport / National Identity card/ driving license of President/ Chairperson and the Secretary.
Fill form SWR 7 (Application form)
A copy of the Tin card for the Association/organization/foundation
Registration fee: D 500 (if community based); D 2000 (if not community based)

A Community Based Organization is an organization that provides social services at the local level. It is a non-profit organization which operates within the confines of a particular community.

A Non-community based organization is generally a formally structured organization which operates beyond one’s community or nationally and even internationally as the case may be. They are primarily concerned with development projects, or advocacy NGOs, which are primarily concerned with promoting a cause.

Licenses and Permits Required to do Business

Work Permit

Apart from persons possessing special immigration status, all other immigrants require a residential and employment permit in order to reside and work in The Gambia. Residential permit ‘B’ is the permit issued to expats, their spouses and children.

Residential Permit ‘B’

This permit is issued for both residence and employment. This category of residence permit is available to citizens of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and other foreign nationals who are working in skilled employment.

Residential Permit for Dependents

The names and ages of the dependent or the holder of any residential permit shall be endorsed on the permit. Such names so endorsed shall be deemed to be in possession of residential permit.

Validify of Residential Permit

All residential permits expire on the 31st December each year for example a permit issued on February 1st 2021 will expire on 31st December 2021. Please note that application forms can be obtained at a very minimal fee from the Ministry of Interior.

Fees for Residential Permit B

ECOWAS Nationals – D10,000 per annum
Non-ECOWAS Nationals – D40,000 per annum

For all of your corporate legal needs, reach out to Amie Bensouda & Co in Banjul, Gambia.

Amie Bensouda & Co
+220 4496453
Email | Website

*The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, constitute legal advice; instead, all education, content, and materials available on this site are for general informational purposes only. This website contains links to other third-party websites. Such links are only for the convenience of the member; The African Diaspora Group and its directors do not recommend or endorse the contents of the third-party sites.